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Pour un apprentissage performant, adoptez le magazine numérique 3 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 no 127 July-August 2024 Intermediate Upper Intermediate Advanced Proficiency The articles range from level B1 to C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. C1 B2 B1 C2 Article in American English Article read and recorded on audio files The audio files also have pronunciation and intonation exercises based on articles. Exercises based on the articles + videos (songs, interviews, reports, etc.) Located in Northeast India, Meghalaya is considered one of the richest biodiversity areas in the world. It is one of the three states in India to have a Christian majority (about 75% of the population practices Christianity) and it is the only state following the Matriarchal system of society. In this issue, you will also learn about Hindi expressions, the wonderful food, the cinema industry and the music people listen to in today’s India. An interview of Francis Ford Coppola will translate his generosity and projects for the future. Summer is finally here – hope you enjoy it! Valerie Hyenveux, editor in chief 46-47 Quiz bB How well do you know Indian food? p 48 Just Kidding Bc p 48 Tongue Twisters Bc 49 Next Issue & Answers g p 8-10 Words & Culture cC English in modern India p 11 What to say b How to stand up for your rights g p 12-13 Tips & Techniques bB Indian cinema 14-15 The Grammar Point BcC Comparative 1 g p 16-17 Did You Know? c Hindi expressions 18 10 Words Bc Words related to Bollywood g p 20-21 Life as Art Bc Aishwarya Rai g 22-23 Profile Bc Saphiralin, the teenage rocker from Northeast India 24-27 Travel Time c Magical Meghalaya, the abode of clouds g 29-31 Talking To cCu Francis Ford Coppola about Megalopolis 38 Trendy Places bB The living root bridges of Meghalaya g 40-41 Insights c The battle of the film industries: Bollywood versus Tollywood p 42-43 What’s Up? Bc g p 44-45 World of Food Bc India’s female chefs p 32-33 On the Job B Khasi actor Lapdiang Syiem g p 34-36 Industry Focus c The role of women in India’s economy p 36 Numbers Talking Bc p 37 Business News Bc TIPS AND TECHNIQUES Indian cinema © Kiev.Victor/Shutterstock 12 TRAVEL TIME Magical Meghalaya, the abode of clouds 24 © 2024_Credit_RVR16-AMOL RAVAL THE NEWS IN DEPTH Music popular in India 6 © stockpexel/Shutterstock INDUSTRY FOCUS The role of women in India’s economy 34 p 4-5 In the News c p 5 Press Clippings c g 6-7 The News in Depth Bc Music popular in India 4 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 Marcel the marmoset in the Midlands The animal charity Wings and Paws said they were contacted by a distressed woman from the city of Wolverhampton, England, who reported a “strange wild animal with a bushy tail” leaping about her property. Volunteers who arrived on the scene expected to find a squirrel or a fox but were shocked to see a monkey casually sitting on the kitchen countertop. It turned out to be a marmoset from South America, most likely an unwanted pet left to fend for himself in the West Midlands. “It’s lucky we found him because the cold would have killed him,” explained a representative from the charity. The volunteers were able to entice ‘Marcel’ (as they chose to call him) into a cage to take back to their rescue centre. Volunteers spent several weeks nursing him back to full health – and now they’ve found him a suitable home, which has the added bonus of a potential new girlfriend. It is currently legal in the UK to keep them as pets, but new rules adopted earlier this year by the government will make it illegal to keep monkeys, lemurs and other primates without a license, beginning in 2026. a charity une association caritative a marmoset un ouistiti distressed en détresse a bushy tail une queue touffue to leap sauter a squirrel un écureuil a kitchen countertop un plan de travail to fend for oneself se débrouiller to entice appâter, attirer to nurse soigner suitable approprié a lemur un lémurien © DR Gene therapy to restore hearing Opal Sandy, a toddler from Oxfordshire, England, was born with a genetic condition called auditory neuropathy, which affects an estimated 20,000 people across the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy. For people with the condition, the signals from the inner ear to the brain are disrupted, causing deafness. The condition produces a protein called otoferlin that allows the inner hair cells to talk with the hearing nerve. Professor Manohar Bance, an ear surgeon at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS, led the clinical trials. He is excited and said, “This is hopefully the start of a new era for gene therapies for the inner ear and many types of hearing loss.” Opal Sandy has become the first deaf person to have their hearing restored with a groundbreaking gene therapy treatment. She can now hear unaided. hearing l’audition gene therapy la thérapie génique a toddler un bambin (entre 1 et 2 ans) disrupted perturbé deafness la surdité as little as seulement to allow permettre the hearing nerve le nerf auditif a surgeon un chirurgien clinical trials les essais cliniques hearing loss la perte d’audition groundbreaking révolutionnaire to hear unaided entendre sans appareil © DR Using robots to save birds Every year, large numbers of animals die on airport runways; 92 were recorded in Alaska alone in 2023. This year, the Alaskan Department of Transportation has been using a four-legged robot disguised as either a fox or a coyote to save birds. At the Fairbanks airport, the robot prowls the runways with panels that imitate fox or coyote fur. Developed by the company Boston Dynamics, the robot, named Aurora, has proven it can handle birds easily and is also being tested to see if it can keep away larger animals, like moose or bears. If the tests continue to be successful, the practice of using robots to save wildlife could be replicated in other airports. an airport runway une piste d’aéroport disguised déguisé a fox un renard to prowl rôder fur de la fourrure to handle s’occuper de a moose un élan, un orignal © DR IN THE NEWS Article by Robert J. Schweizer 5 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 A £20 flea market find sells for £2,000 Originally purchased in Hertfordshire, England, to be used as a lawn decoration, the hefty item has actually turned out to be a medieval hand cannon which dates back to the 1400s. The new owners were stunned when an auctioneer told them it was a rare 600-year-old hand cannon. They received £2,000 for it at Hansons Auctioneers, more than 100 times its flea market price. There is still a mystery about how the original seller came to own this antique piece of artillery. a flea market un marché aux puces a find une trouvaille a lawn une pelouse hefty lourd a hand cannon un canon à main to be stunned être sidéré an auctioneer un commissaire-priseur © DR A quiet animal shelter? Can you imagine an animal shelter with no dogs barking and no cats meowing? In Pennsylvania, for the first time in 47 years, the Adams County SPCA* kennels are empty because all the animals were either adopted or reunited with their owners. The kennels are usually full but in the last two weeks, only one stray cat has come in. The staff worked hard to get all the animals vaccinated and spayed or neutered and get them into good homes. The team is now taking animals from other Pennsylvania shelters to help out. *SPCA stands for Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. an animal shelter un refuge barking un aboiement meowing un miaulement a kennel un chenil a stray cat un chat errant spayed stérilisée (pour une femelle) neutered stérilisé (pour un mâle) © DR Narendra Damodardas Modi has served as the 14th prime minister of India since May 2014. He is the longest-serving prime minister from outside the Indian National Congress. His administration has been criticised for using a democratic mandate to undermine democratic processes, including focusing on Hindu-nationalist priorities rather than economic development. Modi’s second term as Prime Minister, in particular, saw the erosion of civil rights and freedom of the press. He is preparing for his third successive term, as India’s 2024 general election was held over six weeks between April 19th and June 1st. (As time of print, we do not have the issue of the vote.) to undermine (ici) ébranler faith la foi a holy book un livre sacré to belong to appartenir à single célibataire to allege prétendre without evidence sans preuve to handle (ici) supporter dissent la différence d’opinion to lock up enfermer a dissenter un dissident abroad à l’étranger to target prendre pour cible to come forward se porter volontaire “It is for women to come forward and choose the path of sacrifice for serving the nation.” “I don’t hate Modi. The day I hate, I will leave politics.” Rahul Gandhi, leader of Congress, India’s main opposition party (he is the son of Rajiv and Sonia Gandhi). “The government can’t handle dissent of any type. It locks dissenters up and if they’re abroad it tries to target them in other ways.” Amrit Wilson, a London-based writer and activist whose OCI (Overseas Citizenship of India) was cancelled two years ago. “The very strong perception is that they have no personal interest. That they belong to the people.” Ajoy Bose, a journalist and author, about politicians that are romantically single (like Narendra Modi). “Religion and faith are very personal matters. So far as the government is concerned, there is only one holy book, which is the Constitution of India.” Narendra Modi, India’s Prime Minister “So many people are alleging so many things without evidence against Modi. That itself is proof that he is not a dictator.” Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs since 2019 7 2-6 PRESS CLIPPINGS Article by Article by Valerie Hyenveux to overlook négliger thriving prospère to sell out être complet otherwise sans quoi, autrement revamp la rénovation a venue une salle, un lieu to fulfil (ici) satisfaire to hunger for sth avoir faim de a shift un changement no longer ne...plus lull une accalmie a renewed vigour un regain de vitalité jam-packed bondé, plein à craquer a mosh pit une fosse to scramble to se dépêcher de to keep up with ne pas se laisser déborder par a concert goer un amateur de concert decreasing qui se réduit momentous capital, historique to step out sortir Music popular in India Western artists performing live: it has been a long time coming for fans of western music who live in India. Although there are plenty of fans of European and American pop music in India, up until recently, very few of our largest stars have been playing shows in the country. For the fans greatest pleasure, that is changing. F or the longest time, western artists overlooked the live music scene in India. Since 2019, however, things have started to change. The scene is now thriving with bands and artists such as Imagine Dragons and Post Malone selling out venues across the country. There are several factors which have brought about this change. First of all, music streaming platforms have opened up a new world for music fans, allowing them to discover new artists they might otherwise have never heard of. According to Billboard, India has been the largest single market for Spotify’s global growth over the last year. There has also been investment into revamp venue infrastructure to build spaces that fulfil the demand. A prime example was India’s first ever Lollapalooza festival in January 2023, with over 60,000 attending the two-day festival, with both the bands (Imagine Dragons, The Strokes and Cigarettes After Sex) who played there and the people attending all hungering for more. The second edition of Lollapalooza India was this year featuring Jonas Brothers, Sting, Lauv, Halsey and more. There has also recently been a cultural shift that no longer stigmatises people who wish to attend shows solo. Now the youth are more likely to jump at a chance to see their favourite artists the first chance they get. The isolation, social distancing and lull in activities during the pandemic also seems to have created a renewed vigour for jam-packed venues and even mosh pits. Indian promoters are having to scramble to keep up with the new “post-pandemic” demand. Before this new gold mine for promoters, many artists would release terrific albums and have successful world tours, but not consider India as a stopping point, even with songs doing quite well on local charts. This is quickly changing for the better. India’s leading entertainment destination, BookMyShow, shared data in a report: “With 26,359 live events experienced across over 250 cities, live entertainment took centre stage with 13.5 million entertainment enthusiasts creating a ‘momentous’ year choosing to step out for live events.” © DR © DR © Lollapalooza India 6 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 THE NEWS IN DEPTH Article by Robert J. Schweizer Owen Roncon, head of live music for BookMyShow, says he has witnessed continued growth for over five years now. The numbers are exciting, to say the least, with lots of room for expansion and much work to be done to fill the rising demands of fans of western music. The sales in 2023 in just 6 months already matched 80 percent of those of 2022. The senior manager of music rights management company Outdustry, Aniket Rajgarhia, says that “its a great time to be a music fan in India“. There are still many artists who have a tremendous fan base in India and have yet to play a live show there. BookMyShow Live created history with Ed Sheeran’s +-=÷x Tour being India’s biggest live music concert yet, marking the 25th anniversary of its parent company, BigTree Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. Held in the heart of Mumbai at Mahalaxmi Racecourse on March 16th, 2024, the concert had spectacular visuals and a first-of-its-kind 360-degree circular, revolving stage and stadium-style setup that ensured each member of the audience to enjoy an unparalleled view of Ed Sheeran. In January, at the same venue that hosted the Lollapalooza 2024 show, a powerhouse of international talent all got to experience the gratitude and energy of the Indian fans. The door is now open to both fans and artists alike. n © Lollapalooza India © CC BY 2.0 The Swifties are ready – is Taylor? It’s not surprising, considering her huge global success, that Taylor Swift has one of the largest fan bases in India. Given her popularity in the country, many fans wonder why she has yet to do a live tour there. It turns out that the pop star made a deal with Singapore’s leader, who offered the performer enough money to agree not to perform anywhere in the Asian market except for Singapore during her Eras tour. She has sold out all six shows in Singapore’s National Stadium this year. Fans in India, Thailand and the other south-east Asian Nations (ASEAN) are disappointed and will have to wait – for now. to wonder se demander yet encore to be disappointed être déçu Popular singers in India Who are the biggest international singers in India right now? Justin Bieber, Bruno Mars, Lady Gaga, Adele, Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, The Weeknd and Rihanna are the most streamed artists so far. to say the least c’est le moins que l’on puisse dire tremendous immense a fan base des fans inconditionnels substantial considérable, important revolving tournant to ensure garantir unparalleled hors pair alike indifféremment, de la même manière 7 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 a tongue (ici) un langage owing to en raison de a survey une enquête, un sondage to dispute contester the findings les conclusions ranked classé to equate to être égal à to some extent dans une certaine mesure The official language of India is Hindi, which is also the most widely spoken first and second language there. However, the second official language of India is English. In fact, India is ranked as the world’s second-largest English-speaking country, after the US, with about 30% of the population of 1.4 billion (equating to about I f you travel through India, you won’t just hear one or two languages spoken by the locals; instead, you will be treated to a wide variety of spoken tongues. Owing to its rich history and multicultural origins, India has 22 officially-recognised languages and, according to a linguistic survey launched in 2010 called the People’s Linguistic Survey of India, the nation has the second-highest number of languages of any country, at 780. (The survey says that Papua New Guinea has the highest number of languages, at 840.) Some linguistic reports dispute the survey’s findings, but what’s certain is that India is home to hundreds of languages. © Arun David/Shutterstock © Tukaram.Karve/Shutterstock Mumbai Metro © Harshit Srivastava S3/Shutterstock English in modern India Indian languages Indian languages belong to either the Indo-Aryan language family or the Dravidian language family. The Indo-Aryan languages are spoken by more than 800 million people and are widely spoken in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The top IndoAryan languages in terms of numbers of speakers are Hindi-Urdu (also called Hindustani), Bengalis, Punjabi, Marathi and Gujarati. Dravidian languages are spoken by around 250 million people, mainly in southern India, northeast Sri Lanka, and southwest Pakistan. The most widely spoken Dravidian languages are Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. 8 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 WORDS&CULTURE Article by Talitha Linehan gained control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, as well as other parts of Asia. It grew to become the world’s largest corporation and even had its own armed forces, made up of about 260,000 soldiers – twice the size of the British Army at the time! A growing population of British people in India led to the rise in use of the English language there, and in the 1830s, English became the language of instruction in the country’s institutes of higher education. By the time India gained independence from British rule, in 1947, English was well established there, and so it was given official status by the Constitution of India, which nonetheless gave priority to the Indian language of Hindi. As stated, Hindi is the country’s official language and English its second, or associate, official language. The language of the elite Today, English is widely spoken to some extent across India, though more so in the south than the north, and is used across fields such as government, law, business, administration and education. It is mainly used in formal situations; on TV, for example, English is used in news programmes, while Indian languages are used in soap operas. 420 million people) speaking it to some extent. And the country produces the third-largest number of English-language books, after the US and the UK. A consequence of British rule1 As might be expected, the dominance of English in India is a consequence of its connection to the British Empire, which began with the founding of the East India Company, an English, and later British, joint-stock company, in 1600. The company was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region and, over a period of about 150 years, it “India is ranked as the world’s second-largest English-speaking country, after the US. ” Hinglish and Inglish Among the many linguistic flavours that you’ll encounter in India are Hinglish, which is a mix of Hindi and English, and Inglish, which contains English expressions that Indians have conjured up and are unique to Indian English. Hinglish includes Hindi words, mainly nouns, used in sentences that are otherwise in English. Examples of Hinglish words are ‘bandh’, meaning ‘a general strike’, and ‘gherao’, used to refer to a tactic used by labour activists and union leaders, similar to picketing. Inglish on the other hand, includes a variety of expressions that are either unique to Indian English or are commonly used across all varieties of English but are given a unique meaning by Indian English speakers. For example, Indian English speakers give an additional meaning to the common English expression ‘flick’, which they also use to mean ‘steal’, and use the unique term ‘shift house’ to mean ‘move house’. Most Hinglish and Inglish expressions are unknown outside of India. However, the varieties of English spoken throughout the world do contain many words of Indian origin, such as ‘bungalow’, ‘cashmere’, ‘curry’, ‘jungle’ and ‘shampoo’. to conjure up (ici) faire apparaître, produire a strike une grève a labour activist un militant du droit du travail a union leader un représentant syndical picketing un piquet de grève to equate to être égal à a joint-stock company une société par actions to trade faire du commerce a corporation une entreprise twice deux fois to lead to (led, led) mener à the rise l’augmentation to gain obtenir nonetheless néanmoins though bien que more so plus encore a field (ici) un domaine a soap opera un feuilleton TV 8-10 9 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 English in India is, for better or worse, the language associated with the educated elite. Although around 420 million people there speak at least a few words of English, only around three to five percent of the population is fluent in both English and an Indian language. However, English is taught in schools throughout the country and the number of fluent English speakers there, as well as the contexts in which it is used, is on the rise. Many young people in India and throughout the world today view English as a language of opportunity and prosperity, owing to its position as a global language and a prerequisite to gaining entry into many international industries, particularly the rising world of tech. As such, they are inspired to master it, thereby giving themselves an edge in an increasingly globalised world.n 1 The rule of India by the British Crown from 1858 to 1947. © MDSABBIR/Shutterstock © CatherineLProd/Shutterstock throughout à travers a prerequisite une condition préalable thereby ainsi an edge (ici) un avantage Indian English The way in which English is spoken, and the level of fluency with which it is spoken, varies across different parts of India and different socio-economic groups. However, all of the different forms of English spoken in India fall under one term: Indian English. Indian English contains many words that are specific to the culture, food, clothing, flora, fauna, religion and philosophy of India. Many of these words have been imported into other varieties of English and so are known by Englishspeakers from other parts of the world. The Indian words most commonly known throughout the world are those related to food. If you’ve visited an Indian restaurant or are familiar with Indian cuisine, you’ve almost certainly heard of (and hopefully tried!) biryani, an Indian dish made with highly seasoned rice and meat, fish or vegetables; and raita, an Indian side dish of yogurt containing chopped cucumber or other vegetables, as well as spices. And you may also be familiar with gosht, which is an Indian English term for red meat. You’ve probably also heard of karma, which comes from the ancient Indic language of India Sanskrit. A concept in Hinduism and Buddhism, it refers to the sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. However, Indian English also contains many expressions that are rarely used outside of India. These include compound words such as ‘lunch home’, meaning ‘a small restaurant or other eatery’, as well as hybrid constructions that combine two languages, usually in this case an Indian language with English. One such construction is ‘ashramite’, meaning ‘a person who lives in an ashram or place of rest or contemplation’. Indian English also contains loan translations, also known as calques. These are expressions adopted by one language from another in a more or less literally translated form. One example of such an expression in Indian English is ‘your head’, meaning ‘nonsense’. Indian English speakers also give additional, unique meanings to commonly used English expressions. These are examples of what some call Inglish (see other sidebar for more)! fluency l’aisance, la maîtrise to fall under relever de highly seasoned très relevé, très épicé chopped coupé en dés fate le destin a compound word un mot composé loan emprunté 8-10 10 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 WORDS&CULTURE Article by Talitha Linehan You may also say: – I need to make a stand. – I’ll have to be tenacious. – I won’t be put off by them. – I shall brave her anger. – Nothing’s going to stop me. When standing up for your rights, you may say: – I’m going to persevere with this. – I’m standing my ground on this matter. – It’s my prerogative. – I’m just claiming my dues. – I’m not going to give up. You may also say: – I’m entitled to express my opinion. – I won’t take no for an answer. – I’m sticking to my guns. – I’ll stop at nothing to get what I deserve. – You can’t force me to do that. If you are entitled to something, you may say: – I have authorisation from the headmaster. – I have permission to be here. – I’m exempt from the parking rules. – I have a permit. – I have special dispensation. Intending to stand up for your rights, you may say: – I’m going to face up to him. – I want to challenge his authority. – I’m going to dare to do this. – I’ve got the guts to do it. – Nothing ventured, nothing gained! to stand up for your rights défendre ses droits to stand your ground rester sur ses positions to give up laisser tomber to be entitled être en droit to stick to your guns s’en tenir à ses positions to deserve mériter a headmaster un directeur, un proviseur to be exempt from être exempté de to face up to se confronter à to dare oser to have the guts to avoir le courage de to make/take a stand prendre position to venture oser to gain obtenir tenacious obstiné, tenace to be put off by être découragé par to brave affronter, faire face à It is important to be able to stand up for your rights. Here are some phrases to help you do this in an English-speaking country. How to stand up for your rights 11 11 Go English No 127 July-August 2024 WHAT TO SAY Article by Alison Tetlow
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