GO ENGLISH n°126 - Page 1 - 126 Si vous êtes déjà abonné au magazine papier, contactez-nous au 04 78 30 88 49 pour obtenir votre abonnement numérique à un tarif préférentiel. * Seul le PDF du magazine est téléchargeable, l’audio s’écoute en streaming, il n’est pas disponible en téléchargement. le complément idéal pour profiter pleinement de vos magazines ! Lire et écouter de l’anglais où vous voulez quand vous voulez. Disponible à l’unité ou en abonnement sur le site goenglish.fr FONCTION RECHERCHE Pour retrouver des mot clés dans les articles de votre parution PDF TÉLÉCHARGEABLE Pour conserver votre parution AUDIO SIMULTANÉ* En cliquant sur la note de musique, vous écoutez l’audio de chaque article. FONCTION LISEUSE Pour une lecture plus confortable sur tous vos écrans ZOOM Pour agrandir des zones de l’article ASTUCE : repérez le picto bleu numérique. Pour un apprentissage performant, adoptez le magazine numérique 3 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 no 126 May-June 2024 Intermediate Upper Intermediate Advanced Proficiency The articles range from level B1 to C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. C1 B2 B1 C2 Article in American English Article read and recorded on audio files The audio files also have pronunciation and intonation exercises based on articles. Exercises based on the articles + videos (songs, interviews, reports, etc.) Founded in 1753, the British Museum has a collection covering two million years of history with more than 8 million cultural and historical artefacts from all over the world. Many of these items have disputed ownership: Should cultural artefacts be returned to their home country or be left in western museums? This issue is taking you through the ancient world, museums, free ports and the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza, Egypt. It will also celebrate Britain’s most famous Egyptologists, Howard Carter, and the region where he grew up, Norfolk. Best wishes! Valerie Hyenveux, Editor in chief 47 Quiz cC Lawless and the Prison Ships p 48 Just Kidding Bc p 48 Tongue Twisters B 49 Next Issue & Answers g p 8-10 Words & Culture c Egyptology, the study of an ancient civilisation p 11 What to say b How to talk about ancient artefacts g p 12-13 Tips & Techniques bB Art trafficking 14-15 The Grammar Point BcC May or might (2/2) g p 16-17 Did You Know? c Idiomatic expressions from the ancient world 18 10 Words Bc English words from Ancient Egypt g 20-21 Life as Art Bc Olivia Colman about her career g 22-23 Profile c Howard Carter: A life of discovery and intrigue g 24-27 Travel Time c Welcome to Norfolk, England g p 29-31 Talking To cu Lily Gladstone and Leonardo Di Caprio about Killers of the Flower Moon 38 Trendy Places bB The Great Yarmouth Hippodrome, Norfolk g 40-41 Insights c The Grand Egyptian Museum p 42-43 What’s Up? Bc p 44-46 Short Story cC Lawless and the Prison Ships p 32-33 On the Job B Ewa Fraczak: Floristry with a heart g 34-36 Industry Focus c Geneva Freeport : The business of owning art p 36 Numbers Talking c p 37 Business News Bc WORDS AND CULTURE Egyptology, the study of an ancient civilisation © takepicsforfun/Shutterstock 8 TRAVEL TIME Welcome to Norfolk, England 24 © CC BY-SA 3.0 THE NEWS IN DEPTH Theft at the British Museum 6 © Denis Makarenko/Shutterstock LIFE AS ART Olivia Colman 20 p 4-5 In the News Bc p 5 Press Clippings c g 6-7 The News in Depth Bc Theft at the British Museum 4 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 Coveted ranch becomes a nature preserve in California Richmond Ranch, located in southern Santa Clara County, California, was originally acquired in the 1920s and 1930s by Edmund N Richmond, co-founder of Richmond-Chase Company, the largest independent dried and canned fruit company in the US. The cannery was one of the largest employers in the San Jose Valley. The 3,654-acre (1,479-hectare) property has been an active cattle ranch since that time. It was one of the last private ranches in an ecologically-sensitive area. The Richmond family sold it in 2016 to Chinese developer Z&N for $25 million. The Conservation Fund, a national organization, provides money to bridge the acquisition of conservation lands by private and public sources. Appraised at $37 million, the Conservation Fund bought the ranch for $16 million to permanently protect it from development. It will become a nature preserve, with trails for hikers, and create a critical link along the iconic Bay Area ridge trail, a popular hiking experience with incredible views and wildlife. The purchase connects previously fragmented state parks into a complete and unbroken protected habitat for endangered animals. It will also link up with the existing ridge trails. “Federal and state governments are very supportive because that property has a lot of rare and threatened animals and plants on it,” said Edmond Sullivan, executive director of the Santa Clara Valley Habitat Agency. coveted convoité a nature preserve une réserve naturelle canned en conserve cattle du bétail to bridge (ici) combler appraised estimé a trail un sentier a hiker un randonneur a ridge une crête, une arête a purchase un achat, une acquisition to link up connecter, relier threatened menacé, en danger Could old flooded coal mines make green energy? Gateshead Mining cooperation, in the North of England, is already making green energy with its mines, and now a research project is finding out if its technique can be repeated in the West of England. Mine water is naturally warm, it can be pumped and distributed to thousands of homes that now sit above them. It doesn’t take much to get it to a usable heat. Regional mayor Dan Norris said, “It’s fantastic that mines that contributed to CO2 emissions could now hold the key to clean, green energy. The solution is sometimes right under our feet.“ flooded inondé a coal mine une mine de charbon warm chaud pumped pompé to hold the key détenir la clé © Steven4z/Shutterstock The four-day work week is a winner! Firms in the United Kingdom ran a trial to test a four-day work week. One year later, 54 out of the 61 firms have decided to keep the policy, and 31 of them have decided to make the policy permanent. Overall, 82% of surveyed firms have reported positive impacts on the well-being of staff, with less turnover. Sceptics did not believe the effects would hold over time, but the study proved otherwise. The report’s author, Juliet Schor, professor of sociology at Boston College, said the results showed “real and long-lasting” effects. “Physical and mental health and work-life balance are significantly better than at six months. Burnout and life satisfaction improvements held steady,” she said. Who doesn’t want an extra day to spend at home with their family? a trial (ici) un essai the well-being le bien-être turnover rotation du personnel to hold over time tenir dans le temps to prove otherwise prouver le contraire an improvement une amélioration steady constant IN THE NEWS Article by Robert J. Schweizer 5 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 Underwater garden regenerating ocean biodiversity In 2020, off the coast of Wales, Francis Beyers and six family members created a regenerative ocean farm on two abandoned mussel farms and named it Câr-y-môr, which is Welsh for “for the love of the sea”. The farm combines a mixture of seaweed and shellfish species that benefit each other. It also creates an ocean habitat that has become a breeding ground for all kinds of marine animals, and safe zones where fishermen cannot trawl. Porpoises, seals and more use it to breed. This creates stepping stones for fish and other organisms to recover from overfishing. So far, UK regulators have been cautious with licensing for new farms, but Beyers is working to change the legislation to make it easier for others to open such ocean farms. a mussel une moule seaweed des algues shellfish des fruits de mer a breeding ground une zone de reproduction to trawl pêcher au chalut a porpoise un marsouin a seal un phoque a stepping stone un marche pied to recover se rétablir overfishing la surpêche cautious prudent © DR Are trees cool? Can reforesting the Earth cool it off? Researchers at Indiana University think that it just might. Using both ground and satellite measurements, forests on the east coast of the United States cool the land surface by 1 to 2° Celsius annually, compared to grass or croplands. In the middle of summer days, they can even cool the air down by 2 to 5°C. Researchers believe that massive reforestation efforts on the east coast have allowed the area to buck the warming trend taking place on most of the planet. They will continue to study the situation, as it may not be the only reason for the change, but they think that it plays a big part. to cool off rafraîchir grass de l’herbe cropland des terres agricoles to buck aller à l’encontre de After nearly two years of intense negotiations, Hungary’s parliament approved Sweden’s NATO accession on February 26th, 2024. While Finland joined in April 2023, Sweden was kept waiting as both Turkey and Hungary held up the process. The Baltic Sea will now be surrounded by members of the alliance – Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Germany and Poland – leading some analysts to nickname it a “NATO sea”. NATO OTAN to hold up (held, held) retarder to nickname surnommer disarmament le désarmement DNA l’ADN a chairperson un(e) président(e) a pace un rythme wise sage “Sweden’s membership will make us all stronger and safer.” Jens Stoltenberg, NATO Secretary-General “Being members of NATO means that we are prepared to die for each other. It is based on mutual respect. Taking that process at an appropriate pace has been wise.” Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary, when asked by journalists what had made his country drop its opposition to Sweden joining NATO “Sweden now leaves 200 years of neutrality and alliance-independence behind us. It’s a big step, which we will take seriously, but also a very natural step … NATO membership means that we are coming home to a large number of democracies working together for peace and freedom and a very successful cooperation.” Swedish Prime Minister, Ulf Kristersson “Sweden’s historically strong voice on the issues of peace and disarmament seems to be going silent. The cause of peace has been part of our DNA.” Kerstin Bergea, chairperson of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society 2-6 7 PRESS CLIPPINGS Article by Article by Valérie Hyenveux a theft un vol to be marred être gâché insider quelqu’un de l’intérieur to rob dérober, voler allegedly prétendument to fire licencier wrongdoing un méfait ongoing en cours a warning une alerte an antiquities dealer un marchand d’antiquités a deputy director un directeur adjoint an artefact (UK) un objet ancien an artifact (US) a gem une pierre précieuse, un bijou to resign démissionner to step down se retirer Theft at the British Museum A n institution with a long history and a fine reputation, the British Museum was marred last summer by revelations of a series of insider thefts. This wasn’t the first time the London museum, which is dedicated to human history, art and culture, and whose permanent collection of eight million items is the largest in the world, has been the target of thieves. In 1993, the British Museum was robbed of 15 Roman coins and jewellery worth £250,000. In 2002, a 2,500-year-old Greek statue, believed to be worth around £25,000, was stolen by a member of the public. This time, however, the thief was allegedly one of the museum’s trusted employees, who, according to an independent review, stole up to 1,500 items over a “considerable period of time”. When the museum announced the thefts last August, it also revealed that it had fired one of its employees as a result. The alleged thief, however, has publicly denied any wrong-doing. The crime is now the subject of an ongoing investigation by the Metropolitan Police. A warning ignored Since last summer’s announcement, it has emerged that the museum received a warning about the thefts as early as 2021. In February of that year, antiquities dealer Dr Ittai Gradel wrote to the British Museum’s deputy director, Dr Jonathan Williams, alleging that a thief was operating inside the museum. He said he had seen three ancient artefacts belonging to the museum for sale on eBay, and even provided the full name and email address of the alleged thief on a PayPal receipt for some gems he had bought. Apparently, the museum investigated Dr Gradel’s claims, though later admitted that the investigation had been inadequate. It said in a statement, “The museum was alerted to suspicions of thefts in 2021 by Dr Ittai Gradel. The museum’s investigation incorrectly concluded that there was no basis to the claims.” In August, the museum’s director,DrHartwigFischer,announcedthathewouldresign because the museum “did not respond as comprehensively as it should have” to the warnings of theft. And deputy director Dr Williams has also stepped down from his role. © Tupungato/Shutterstock Egyptian cats, British Museum 6 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 THE NEWS IN DEPTH Article by Talitha Linehan Damaged, recovered, sold on eBay An independent review was set up by the museum’s trustees and led by Nigel Boardman (former museum trustee and lawyer), Lucy D’Orsi (chief constable of the British Transport Police) and Ian Karet (deputy high court judge). According to the review, the total number of items damaged or missing from the museum is estimated at 2,000, with about 1,500 thought to have been stolen. Of those stolen items, by the time the review was completed, 351 items had been returned to the museum and more than 300 others had been identified. To make matters worse, it seems that the thief damaged hundreds of items by removing portions of them or using tools on them, presumably in an attempt to remove all or part of them. Incredibly, some of the stolen items, which included many unregistered gems and jewellery, were sold on eBay for as little as a few pounds. Available to everyone The independent review accused the museum of serious security failures and inadequate documentation of artefacts held in storage. It made 36 recommendations to protect the museum’s collection, including identifying all unregistered artefacts. In October, the museum announced a five-year plan to digitise its complete collection of over 8 million items and to make it available to view online. The museum’s interim director, Sir Mark Jones, said, “It is my belief that the single most important response to the thefts is to increase access, because the better a collection is known – and the more it is used – the sooner any absences are noticed. So that’s why, rather than locking the collection away, we want to make it the most enjoyed, used and seen in the world.” n © Alex Segre/Shutterstock a trustee un membre du conseil d’administration a lawyer un avocat chief constable un commissaire en chef jewellery des bijoux to lock away enfermer Over 250 years old! When it was established in 1753, the British Museum was largely based on the collections of the Anglo-Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. It first opened to the public in 1759, in Montagu House in London, on the same site where it now stands. Its expansion over the next 250 years resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, and today its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. A popular destination for locals and tourists alike, the British Museum is one of the most-visited art museums in the world; it ranked as the third most-visited art museum in 2022, a year in which it received over 4 million visitors. © Luke Massey/CC BY 2.0 7 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 to conjure up rappeler, évoquer remains les vestiges crammed with bourré de to drag traîner thereby ainsi to encompass inclure, concerner carved sculpté a scholar un érudit to decipher déchiffrer a slab un bloc signify sounds in the ancient Egyptian language, as well as concepts with no sounds. It has been discovered inscribed on papyrus, a material used in ancient Egypt for writing and painting on, and carved into temples, monuments, tombs and objects dating up to the 4th century AD. Although hieroglyphic writing is thousands of years old, modern scholars were unable to decipher it until the 19th century, thanks to the discovery in 1799 of a stone slab known as the Rosetta Stone, in the city of Rosetta, Egypt. The stone was inscribed with text written in three scripts: hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek. By 1822, a French Egyptologist named Jean-François Champollion had successfully deciphered some of the hieroglyphic inscriptions on the stone, and his work led to the interpretation of many other early records of Egyptian civilization. However, to this day, deciphering hieroglyphic writing remains a challenge for scholars and requires a certain amount of subjective interpretation. A pre-eminent civilisation for almost 30 centuries, ancient Egypt has long fascinated and intrigued historians and archaeologists. So much so, in fact, that it has given rise to a field of study called Egyptology, which encompasses the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC1 to the 4th century AD2 . Hieroglyphs, an advanced writing system One of the most intriguing discoveries from ancient Egypt is that of hieroglyphic writing, which dates back to the late 4th millennium BC. Made up of around 750 symbols, this ancient form of writing consists of stylised pictures of people, animals and objects, but also symbols that © Claudio Divizia/Shutterstock Details of the Rosetta Stone, British Museum, London Ancient Egypt conjures up images of pharaohs riding in chariots, mummified remains in tombs crammed with treasures, and masses of workers dragging giant rocks across the desert to build pyramids, and thereby, give us some of greatest wonders the world has ever seen. Egyptology, the study of an ancient civilisation 8 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 WORDS&CULTURE Article by Talitha Linehan as intermediaries between the gods and their people. They dedicated prayers and offerings to gods to win their favour and to maintain order and repel chaos, states represented by the gods Maat and Isfet respectively. As is evident from the discovery of the tombofTutankhamuninparticular, pharaohs were buried in tombs packed with treasure, reflecting the belief of ancient Egyptians that the afterlife was a continuation of this life, where the same social hierarchy would be maintained and where they would enjoy many of the same activities. Ancient Egyptians are known to have mummified their dead, by removing the internal organs of the deceased, treating the body with mineral salts and resin, and then wrapping it in bandages to preserve it. The reason they did this is that they believed the mummified body was a vessel for the deceased’s spirit, and so if the body was destroyed, the spirit might be lost. They then performed a series of funerary rites on the body, which involved purification, anointing and the reciting of prayers and spells, before placing it in a tomb with food, clothes and other items, depending on the person’s role and status on earth. Religion, a belief in many gods According to what we’ve learned from deciphering hieroglyphic writing, religion played a central role in the lives of ancient Egyptians, who were polytheistic for most of their history, meaning they believed in more than one god. Their belief system, however, changed over time, as did the importance of particular gods, and for a brief period, they believed in a single god, the Aten. In all, records have been found of over 2,000 gods worshipped by ancient Egyptians, including Ra (the sun god), Amun (the creator god) and Isis (the mother goddess). Formal religious practice centred on the pharaohs, who were believed to possess divine powers and so acted © CC BY-SA 4.0 Ramses III sarcophagus, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge © Stephen Chung/Shutterstock Ra, ancient Egyptian deity of the Sun The Book of the Dead Some of the world’s earliest known literature comes from ancient Egypt, recorded as inscriptions or in collections of papyrus. One of the most famous examples of ancient Egyptian literature is the Book of the Dead. Don’t be misled by the name, this literary treasure wasn’t recorded in the form of a modern-day book. It was written mainly on papyrus by many different priests over a period of about 1,000 years and was used as a funerary text between around 1,550 BC and 50 BC. The Book of the Dead consists of almost 200 known ritual spells that were inscribed on various objects placed in the coffin and/or tomb of the deceased. The purpose of the spells was to help the deceased navigate the afterlife and unite with the sun god Ra and the netherworld god, Osiris, in a continual cycle of renewal and rebirth. misled induit en erreur a priest un prêtre a ritual spell (ici) une formule rituelle a coffin un cercueil the deceased le défunt the netherworld les enfers renewal le renouveau Weighing of the heart, Papyrus of Hunefer (c.1275 BC), British Museum a belief une croyance to worship vénérer to repel repousser to be buried être entérré to wrap emballer a vessel un réceptacle to anoint consacrer, oindre a spell un sort 8-10 9 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 total, it is the largest Egyptian pyramid, and, initially standing at 481 feet (147 metres), was the world’s tallest manmade structure for more than 3,800 years. It is also the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only wonder that has remained largely intact. This pyramid is part of the Giza pyramid complex, which also consists of the Great Sphinx of Giza, the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and one of the most recognisable statues in the world. Also likely dating from the 26th century BC, this limestone statue is of a reclining sphinx –a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion – whose face is said to represent that of the pharaoh Khafre, under whose reign it was likely built.n 1 BC stands for Before Christ. 2 AD stands for Anno Domini, in the year of our Lord, i.e. after the birth of Jesus Christ. Architecture, the great pyramids The most famous tombs in Egypt are, of course, the pyramids, monumental structures that were built as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs from around 2630 BC to 1640 BC. Of the estimated 118 identified Egyptian pyramids, the oldest is the pyramid of Djoser, also known as the Step Pyramid of Djoser, at Saqqara, near Memphis. This six-tiered, four-sided structure was the first pyramid to be built in ancient Egypt, and the pharaoh Djoser, who died either around 2649 or 2611 BC, was entombed there. Of course, the most famous pyramid is the Great Pyramid at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo, which served as the tomb of the pharaoh Khufu. Built in the early 26th century BC by quarrying an estimated 2.3 million large blocks, weighing 6 million tonnes in © CC BY-SA 3.0 Map of the Giza pyramid complex © Daily Travel Photos/Shutterstock The Great Sphinx of Giza © WitR/Shutterstock The Giza pyramid complex, Cairo, Egypt entombed inhumé the outskirts la périphérie to quarry extraire limestone du calcaire reclining allongé, couché The role of cats in ancient Egypt Contrary to popular belief, ancient Egyptians were not the first people to domesticate cats, and they did not worship the feline creatures. What is true, however, is that cats played a central role in the lives of ancient Egyptians, and over time came to symbolise divinity and protection. Initially, cats were adopted as useful predators. They kept people safe from snakes and scorpions and kept grains safe from rats and mice. They also served as beloved pets, as they do today, with members of the royal class sometimes dressing them in gold and allowing them to eat from their plates. One of the beliefs of ancient Egyptians was that their gods could assume different forms, including that of a cat. As a consequence of this, cats were, sadly, often killed and mummified as sacrifices to the gods; in fact, it was illegal to kill a cat in ancient Egypt except for the purpose of mummification. While cats were not worshipped as gods themselves, they were regarded as vessels the gods could inhabit. to worship vénérer sadly malheureusement for the purpose of en vue de a vessel un récipient, un conteneur ©Einsamer Schütze 8-10 10 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 WORDS&CULTURE Article by Talitha Linehan ©Sergii Figurnyi/Shutterstock When looking at Roman artefacts, you may say: – An amphora is apparently a wine jug. – That coin was actually used in Ancient Rome. – It’s an exquisite intaglio engraving. – I guess it was used as a seal. – Their tools were so sophisticated! If you are looking at ancient sculptures, you may say: – Most of them are carved in marble. – I love the bust of Venus. – That is a Roman tomb effigy. – The Elgin Marbles are relief sculptures. – The definition is amazing. If you are looking at other ancient artefacts, you may say: – These tools show how they lived in the past. – They were found on an archaeological site. – That’s a beautiful cameo brooch. – Archaeologists uncovered these weapons. – Ancient man made these flint tools. If you are in a museum, you may first say: – Let’s visit the Egyptology department. – Where is that on the museum map? – I’m interested in Roman artefacts. – Shall we look at the Anglo-Saxon exhibits? – I’m keen to see some of the statues. If you are in the Egyptian gallery, you may say: – These jewels are priceless. – The mummy cases were used for burials. – They were found inside the pyramids. – Look at the gold leaf on them. – It’s covered in hieroglyphics. You may also say: – That’s a mummified body. – It dates from about 3,000 years ago. – It looks like it was wrapped in linen. – Is that an amulet in the display case? – The gems on it are stunning. ©Kekyalyaynen/Shutterstock an artefact un objet ancien an exhibit une exposition to be keen to + verbe vouloir faire qqch jewels des bijoux, des joyaux priceless inestimable a burial une inhumation wrapped enveloppé linen du lin a gem une pierre précieuse stunning magnifique a jug une carafe an intaglio une gravure en creux a seal (ici) un sceau carved sculpté a relief sculpture une sculpture sculptée en relief a cameo un bijou gravé en relief a brooch une broche flint silex If you are in a museum or a gallery in an English-speaking country, it is useful to be able to talk about what you see. Here are some phrases to help you. How to talk about ancient artefacts 11 11 Go English No 126 May-June 2024 WHAT TO SAY Article by Alison Tetlow
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